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<td><strong>In Brief</strong></td>
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<li>🔥 China sets a <strong>temperature record</strong> of 120 million degrees Celsius in its fusion reactor.</li>
<li>🔬 The EAST reactor uses <strong>advanced technologies</strong> to maintain plasma at extreme temperatures.</li>
<li>🌊 Deuterium, found in seawater, could provide <strong>energy equivalent</strong> to 300 liters of gasoline.</li>
<li>🌍 Nuclear fusion is regarded as the <strong>Holy Grail of clean energy</strong>, promising a carbon-free future.</li>
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<p>The pursuit of harnessing star energy has reached a new milestone thanks to China. Last Friday, the fusion reactor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences achieved an impressive temperature of 120 million degrees Celsius, maintaining it for 101 seconds. This breakthrough brings the world closer to the sought-after goal of clean, unlimited energy. The reactor, known as EAST, has previously reached high temperatures, but never for such an extended period. This success underscores the potential of nuclear fusion as a sustainable energy source.</p>
<h2>An Impressive Temperature Record</h2>
<p>The EAST reactor has set a new record by reaching 120 million degrees Celsius, far exceeding the core temperature of the Sun, which is about 15 million degrees Celsius. <strong>This achievement is crucial</strong>, as maintaining such a temperature is essential for fusion reactions. In 2017, EAST maintained plasma at 50 million degrees Celsius, but this time it managed to do so at more than double that temperature. <i>Keeping the plasma at such high temperatures is a major challenge</i>, requiring extremely controlled conditions and advanced engineering.</p>
<p>This record was achieved thanks to a team of 300 scientists and engineers who collaborated to refine the technology. Their work allowed plasma to be maintained at a temperature eight times higher than that of the solar core, marking a significant advancement toward mastering nuclear fusion.</p>
<h2>The Fundamental Principles of Nuclear Fusion</h2>
<p>Nuclear fusion relies on the same reactions that occur at the core of the Sun. It involves merging hydrogen atoms to form heavier elements like helium. On Earth, we cannot rely on gravity as the Sun does, so we must resort to extremely high temperatures to induce this fusion. <strong>Fusion is seen as the Holy Grail of energy</strong>, as it promises to generate vast amounts of energy without greenhouse gas emissions or significant radioactive waste.</p>
<p>One key aspect of nuclear fusion is the use of deuterium, a stable form of hydrogen found in seawater. It is estimated that one liter of seawater could produce as much energy as 300 liters of gasoline through fusion. This prospect is promising for a sustainable, carbon-free energy future.</p>
<h2>Technological Challenges to Overcome</h2>
<p>While the potential of nuclear fusion is immense, many challenges remain. Currently, no fusion reactor has yet managed to produce more energy than it consumes. <i>Maintaining high-temperature plasma stability</i> is a significant challenge, as it requires advanced technologies to control and contain the plasma. The donut-shaped structure of the EAST reactor, with its magnetic coils, plays a crucial role in this process.</p>
<p>South Korea previously held the record of 100 million degrees Celsius for 20 seconds. China has now established a new record by achieving 160 million degrees Celsius for 20 seconds. However, much work remains to make this technology viable on a large scale.</p>
<h2>Prospects for a Sustainable Energy Future</h2>
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<p>Nuclear fusion represents a promising pathway to a carbon-free future. However, it is crucial to continue investing in proven clean energy technologies to meet immediate energy needs. <strong>Every advance in fusion is a reason for hope</strong>, but we cannot afford to wait for it to become a universal solution.</p>
<p>The energy transition must include a mix of solutions, including wind, solar, and other renewable sources, to ensure a sustainable future. <i>Nuclear fusion could one day transform our approach to energy</i>, but until then, how can we balance our quest for innovation with urgent energy sustainability needs?</p>
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